Does the UK gain a net economic benefit from international higher education students?

International students starting UK higher education courses in 2024/25 are projected to generate £45.1 billion in total economic benefits while costing the public purse £4.7 billion. This produces a net economic benefit of £40.4 billion and a benefit-to-cost ratio of 9.7 to 1. The analysis estimates an average net contribution of £100,000 per international student.