Have migrants improved the UK's public services more than they have strained them?
ImmigrationEnded 10 Sept

Have migrants improved the UK's public services more than they have strained them?

Yes 39%No 61%712 votes cast

Migrants comprise around one in five NHS staff in England, with non-UK nationals making up 36% of doctors and 30% of nurses. Fiscal analyses show skilled workers and health/care visa holders often make a net positive lifetime contribution while care workers, their dependants and some family routes generate net costs. Recent net migration has fallen sharply to around 170,000 in the year to December 2025 but high inflows from 2021-2023 added demand to housing, education and health without matching infrastructure investment.

Jump to opinions· 39

The room did not deny that migrants are vital to parts of the NHS and care system; it rejected the idea that this settled the wider balance. No won by 22 points, with the debate turning on whether essential staffing could outweigh pressure on services, housing and infrastructure.

The winning side’s strongest arguments were about pace, planning and the choice to recruit abroad rather than train at home. The floor’s most-respected No voices said “our public services are stretched to breaking point” and argued that importing staff was “a short term solution”, not a substitute for domestic training.

Yes voters made a narrower but substantial case: hospitals and care homes depend on people who came from elsewhere. Their best argument conceded the pressure while insisting that “skilled migrants, particularly NHS staff, make a huge contribution”; another put the point more starkly, saying the NHS would “literally collapse tomorrow without migrant staff”.

The two sides often answered different questions. Yes separated doctors, nurses and other skilled workers from low-skilled routes and dependants; No judged the system in aggregate, arguing that “this is what I hate in this debate talking about migrants as if it’s all equal”. That distinction was the debate’s real centre, with language, recruitment standards and overseas countries’ loss adding an ethical charge to the fiscal argument.

The verdict was less a rejection of migrant workers than a refusal to let their indispensability close the argument about how public services should be staffed.

“Tough to answer yes or no on this. Skilled migrants, particularly NHS staff, make a huge contribution, but large numbers of low skilled workers are putting pressure on our housing and public services.”

YES case · HNTRJ · 3 respects

“Migrant representation in the care sector is one example; not of virtue, but a testament to political choices to preferentially hire Carers, Doctors, and Nurses ,from abroad (depriving their home countries of those skills, which is not the argument here but has to be pointed out to those celebrating demographic replacement). The question is whether the contribution from Migrants is higher than the”

NO case · RedChopsticks · 4 respects

61%
No
majority
39% Yes
Votes712
Skipped22
You—

% voting yes, by leaning

98% yes among H. Left voters, 45 of them
98% yes among Left voters, 96 of them
86% yes among C. Left voters, 77 of them
66% yes among Centre voters, 61 of them
24% yes among C. Right voters, 83 of them
6% yes among Right voters, 290 of them
0% yes among H. Right voters, 76 of them
H. Left
Left
C. Left
Centre
C. Right
Right
H. Right
Early result

This referendum settled before 29 September 2026, when refnation's current method began, so its result is a plain count of Yes and No. It is kept here as an archive: refnation's record starts on 29 September 2026.

How results are calculated, and corrections

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Debate

39 Opinions

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The Fiscal Custodian
Voted noRight lean

To those who say: "The NHS would collapse without migration", I say - That hiring decision is a choice based on short term cost saving. It's neither necessary, nor good for our doctors and nurses, or overseas countries deprived of their doctors and nurses, or patients. Same applies to the care industry. We are exploiting people.

Jonathan· 645
The Institution
Voted noH. Right lean

I'd like an NHS consultation that I can actually understand, please.

oldnick52· 254
Just Common Sense
Voted noH. Right lean

The country has added 7.5 million people and made no similar investment in infrastructure. Our public services are stretched to breaking point. All immigration has done is lowered wages. There are plenty of British people ready to do the job at a wage that values the work. For businesses in a rich country like the UK to raid poorer countries rather than invest in modernisation and training our native population is morally repugnant!

The Property-and-Custom Right
Voted noRight lean

No, the pace of immigration did not allowed to absorb and integrate them correctly. Different cultural and societal factors and behaviors made work of public services even more complicated. Examples: sheer numbers, medical problems unknown earlier, crimes very rare earlier, cronyism, tribalism, hygiene standards, compassion towards other, fraud and many more.

The Hayekian Constitutionalist
Voted noRight lean

Migrant representation in the care sector is one example; not of virtue, but a testament to political choices to preferentially hire Carers, Doctors, and Nurses ,from abroad (depriving their home countries of those skills, which is not the argument here but has to be pointed out to those celebrating demographic replacement). The question is whether the contribution from Migrants is higher than the status quo ante, and on that measure the answer is clearly NO.

The Respected
Voted noRight lean

I have no problem with migrants entering our country legally respecting our law and culture.

Simon· 824
Leader of People
Voted noRight lean

Not anymore that's for sure and has outweighed itself to the point of our own young native citizens not getting the opportunities or support that immigrants receive.

The Respected
Voted noC. Right lean

Every job that a migrant does could easily be done by a native of the country. This would remove language barriers and bring people into employment reducing the social security wage bill.

PipG· 500
The Statesman
Voted noRight lean

I'm disabled and honestly I can't tell you how often I have to explain myself to NHS staff due to them not speaking good English. Either they don't understand me but tell me yes yes yes whilst totally getting the wrong end of the stick or I don't understand them and have to try and get them to explain things to me several times or just give up. When it comes to life saving services I think it's downright dangerous to have huge language barriers in a health environment

The Civic Libertarian
Voted noC. Right lean

This is what I hate in this debate talking about migrants as if it's all equal. High earning and skilled migrants benefit the UK. Low skilled low wage workers do not and the vast majority has been the latter particularly as we have allowed so much family migration alongside it.