Should Europe mobilise private capital for defence R&D to secure the continent?

EU defence R&D spending totalled 13 billion euros in 2024, or 0.07% of GDP, far below the US's 149 billion dollars or 0.5% of GDP. Modern defence relies on advanced technologies like semiconductors, AI, quantum computing, and clean energy rather than troop numbers. Bigger budgets alone are insufficient without mobilising private capital.